European paradox
"European paradox" refers to the perceived failure of European countries to translate scientific advances into marketable innovations.[1][2] The term was coined in a European Commission Green Paper in 1995.[3]
Recently, several articles questioned both the theoretical interpretation upon which the paradox conjecture is based and its empirical underpinnings.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Maassen, Peter A. M.; Olsen, Johan P. (14 May 2007). University dynamics and European integration. Springer. p. 174. ISBN 9781402059704. http://books.google.com/books?id=tnNIYxVT5dgC. Retrieved 26 March 2010. "... the research policy paradigm was already well embedded in a competitiveness/innovation oriented understanding and an understanding of the so-called European paradox, that is, the conjecture that EU member states play a leading global role in terms of top-level scientific output, but lag behind in the ability of converting this strength into wealth-generating innovations."
- ^ Andreasen, Lars Erik (1995). Europe's next step: organisational innovation, competition and employment. Routledge. ISBN 9780714646305. http://books.google.com/books?id=KEnq1IPxT2gC. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
"... Europe’s poor position is not a result of its performance in research or R&D. On this point, there is in fact a European paradox ..." (page 10)
"... the efficiency of European R&D is 0.74, as against 1.6 for the USA and 1.32 for Japan. It is this which represents what I refer to as the ‘European paradox’."
- ^ "Green paper on innovation". http://europa.eu/documents/comm/green_papers/pdf/com95_688_en.pdf. Retrieved 2011-05-01.
- ^ See for example Giovanni Dosi, Patrick Llerana and Mauro Sylos Labini "The relationships between science, technologies and their industrial exploitation: An illustration through the myths and realities of the so-called ‘European Paradox’". http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733306001533. Research Policy, Volume 35, Issue 10, December 2006, Pages 1450-1464
External links